Final Pathology

I’ve been pathologically checking for the final pathology (haha see what I did there — oh *sigh* I’m so lame I can’t stand myself).

Anyway, as I expected, the tumor they biopsied is ER/PR+ (as was my DCIS in 2013), which is good news because ER or PR positive receptors tend to grow slower than negative ones. What this also means is that doctors will likely use hormone therapy to stop estrogen and/or progesterone from activating the cancer cells. Still, I don’t understand this part at all: I’ve managed to grow estrogen/progesterone activated cells after having my uterus and ovaries removed six years ago –  how? My research says that in postmenopausal women, androgens can be turned into small amounts of estrogen. I have a different theory – I continue to think these are the same DCIS cells from back then, before I had the hysterectomy/oophorectomy; they hung out in there mutating until they formed this lump I have now, and they’re ER/PR positive because that’s what activated them in the first place. If that’s the case, then what that also means is if someone had recommended I take Tamoxifen for several years after my mastectomy, I might not be in this situation.

Pathology also tested for HER2, and this came back “equivocal” or inconclusive. This is not great news. From what I understand, HER2 status (positive or negative) is pretty much the most important piece of the treatment puzzle. I emailed Dr. McAuliffe to ask what they’ll do about that. My understanding is that they can test for HER2 in at least two ways – an inexpensive way that shows results quickly, and an expensive way that takes longer. Since there is no description of methods in the pathology report, my hope is that they only did the first test, and they are currently working on the second test.

Because there are drugs made specifically to target HER2, it seems like it’s really important to know HER2 status:

In the era of precision medicine, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is the most important predictive and prognostic biomarker in breast cancer (Gunn).

Yet, it is hard to know that status conclusively:

Inaccurate HER2 test results may cause women diagnosed with breast cancer to not get the best care possible. If all or part of a breast cancer is HER2-positive but test results classify it as HER2-negative, doctors aren’t likely to recommend anti-HER2 treatment — even though the woman could potentially benefit from [it]. If a breast cancer is HER2-negative but test results classify it as HER2-positive, doctors may recommend anti-HER2 treatment — even though the woman is unlikely to get any benefits and is exposed to the medicines’ risks. (breastcancer.org)

So, I’m glad I am having my pathology looked at by the Penn pathologists. I’m hoping that between two sets of pathologists, some clarity will be gained and I will get the correct treatment and prognosis.

Lastly, pathology showed that my rate of cell growth (Ki-67) is really high (mine is 40%; above 20% is considered high). This means that when they did the staining procedure, they could see 40% of the cancerous cells dividing to form new cancerous cells.

To sum up:

ER/PR positive = good
Ki-67 high = bad
HER2 equivocal = ??

Looks like we have a tie breaker, folks. Stay tuned.

Cancer is a full-time job

I spent 4 hours on cancer today, and I’m not even being treated yet.

This morning I awoke to an email from Dr. Domchek’s “nurse navigator” who asked that I call her today to “work through the process” of getting an appointment with Dr. Domchek. After dropping my son off at camp, I returned home and called her immediately. Some of what is below was written as it happened, basically as part of my note keeping (which also happens as a series of sticky notes on my desktop).

Screen Shot 2019-06-24 at 11.13.25 AM

I’ve gone back and lightly edited where it didn’t make any sense.

My phone call begins with Maria, who is amazingly nice, has the sweetest most gentle voice, and explains everything step by step. And it is a lot of steps. I have to first get registered into the Penn health system – she says when we’re done on the phone, she will transfer me to someone who will get me registered. Once I’m fully registered, Maria will do a breast intake. The new patient office will let me know what medical records they need and will tell me if they need a medical release form. Maria also says she will send me a medical release form, so I should complete it and send it back (I must print it and hand sign it, then scan it and fax it or email it back). We talk a bit about my insurance; I have a notoriously inflexible, greedy insurance plan that I already know is unlikely to pay for this consultation or anything outside of its own hospital network. Maria says that lots of insurance plans used to have a built-in system for second opinions –  a way for those to be covered even if they are out-of-network – but more and more health systems are making that harder. Mine, of course, is one of them. She says I can ask to speak to Jenna, the financial consultant, who will know if this would be a covered expense and what it would cost if not. She says it wouldn’t hurt for me to contact my insurance company and find out myself, too.

I start making a to-do list:

  • Complete records disclosure form and scan/email to Maria (must be signed by hand)
  • Find out if insurance will cover any of this visit

Maria transfers me to patient intake to begin a medical record at Penn. I miss the guy’s name on the phone, but boy is he nice, too! (Philly gets a bad rap). He asks for the usual information – birthday, address, SSN, military status, etc, etc, we quibble over the spelling of my last name (it happens more often than one would think). I simultaneously scour my health insurance documentation for anything that might indicate that even a consultation with Dr. Domcheck will be covered. I find this, but it’s talking about treatment, not a physician visit:

Cancer chemotherapy and cancer hormone treatments and services, which have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use in the treatment of cancer, whether performed in a physician’s office, in an outpatient department of a hospital, in a hospital as a hospital inpatient, or in any other medically appropriate treatment setting, are covered, but they may require a Prior Authorization.

I’m also not convinced that “medically appropriate setting” means “anywhere you want to go.”

Once he has all of his information, I am transferred to the New Patient Coordinator’s office (I also missed her name). She says I will need to get insurance authorization to be seen and gives me Dr. Domchek’s MPI# and Tax ID# (I write these down even though I dont know what they mean or why I need them).  She reviews my medical history, typing loudly as I respond; she tells me that Dr. Domchek is heavily involved in research and would like all of my medical records (I have sent them, I explain). She asks me lots of questions about my cancer, doctors I’ve seen, scans I’ve had, everything since 2012 – she wants dates for everything, details. Luckily I am a detail-keeper, and I can tell her everything she needs to know by pulling up iCal. She then explained how I go about getting discs of all of my imaging sent to them, as well as pathology slides (“I just get a box of slides” I ask. “and put them in the mail?” I ask. “Do they need to be frozen or something?” I ask. The answer is “no” if you’re wondering).  As Maria instructed, I ask her if I can speak to Jenna next (hoping that she is not actually Jenna). She says she will transfer me. Jenna, fortunately, is on another call – I have now been on the phone for almost two hours. I use the opportunity to take a break for some greek yogurt and blueberries. And I add to my to-do list:

  • Call insurance for prior authorization
  • Figure out how to get films and slides from UPMC
  • Mail films and slides to Basser

Jenna calls back within about thirty minutes. She says I am “definitely out of network” – but that Dr. Domchek is willing to see me as a one-time self pay ($255.65); so, she will review all of my records and consult, but if I want the Basser Center’s pathology or radiology experts to look at my slides or films, that would be an additional $200 per “surgical event” – so $200 to look at the biopsy from last week, $200 to look at the biopsy from 2013, $200 each to look at any ultrasound, mammogram, or MRI.  I really only want them to look at the pathology, but I’m not sure if the Basser pathologists would really see anything different than the pathologists at my own hospital. Jenna tells me I do not need to have slides and films sent if I’m not going to pay to have those read by their people. She also says not to bother calling my insurance company – this is definitely not going to be covered. I like this Jenna – she seriously shortened my to-do list, which looks like this when all is said and done:

  • Complete records disclosure form and scan/email to Maria (must be signed by hand)
  • If I want Basser to look at pathology, get it from UPMC and mail it to Basser

It’s almost 1pm when I am writing this blog post (the parts I didn’t write during the phone calls), almost 3 hours after I began (disclosure form has been sent). It was a seamless process, one I am not at all convinced would have occurred at my own hospital system. I started with Maria, and she simply transferred me to one person, who transferred me to the next; each person was really nice, knowledgeable, and helpful. Having all of my records downloaded and ready to go also made it easier.

I should also acknowledge my privilege here: I could not have done any of this if I were not an academic on summer break with one child who is at camp. Who else has the time to do all of this crap? Go to the hospital, pick up imaging discs and slides, then take them to be shipped? If I had any sort of 9-5 job, or any job with limited vacation/sick time, how screwed would I be? I’ve already spent 4 hours of time at the hospital because of this lump, and now three hours on the phone this morning – I have three more appointments coming up, along with a possible trip to Philadelphia. And who knows about treatment – that could be an hour each day for all I know, for how many weeks? How do working-class people do this?

In a few months from now, my two friends/colleagues and I have a book coming out for which I wrote the afterword. In it, I write:

I am highly aware of the literacy strategies and rhetorical knowledge I have at my disposal…. I recognize, however, that my position as a woman who’s benefited from advanced training in writing and rhetoric is relatively uncommon. While many other women, of course, are highly educated and/or simply have had life experiences that have led them to deep knowledge of the roles language and persuasion play in healthcare situations, having a background in RHM might make me especially capable of self-advocacy in healthcare.

I have been thinking about this a lot of the past couple of weeks – how I’ve pretty easily been able to handle this situation. Like I explained yesterday – email from Dr. Domchek requesting some records. I went into my online health portal, sorted my records by type (first mammograms, then pathology, then MRI, etc), printed each as a PDF, saved each file by date and type of procedure, created a Dropbox folder, then emailed a shared link to her team). All of that required a set of skills that not every woman diagnosed with breast cancer (or, for that matter, every person diagnosed with any kind of cancer) has at their disposal. And it’s not only about skills I have, but the affordances of my job, of my race and class, of everything that has made this, so far, relatively easy for me. I spent three hours this morning sitting on the deck of a house we own (mortgage), drinking coffee, talking to these people on my recently paid-off iPhone as I looked up information on my laptop, while our golden retriever dozed softly at my feet.

I am a commercial for a cancer center; there is a banner over my head that says, “Your journey starts here…” and it’s an easy, breezy one covered in puppy kisses.

Or not.

dogface

update: I decide to have my recent pathology slides sent to Basser. If I’m going to do this to ensure I am getting the most accurate treatment, then I should get a second set of eyes on those slides as well. And, I find out from Maria, that the medical disclosure form means I don’t have to go get them and ship them myself – they can get them for me! Like I said, easy breezy puppy kisses…..

Second Opinion

When I was diagnosed with DCIS at the tail end of 2012, I did not get a second opinion about the course of treatment. Because I was BRCA2+ and had been planning a prophylactic mastectomy anyway, the DCIS only sped up my timeline a bit – really just a few months. I was planning to do it during my summer break in 2013, but instead I did it that January and took medical leave for the first part of the spring semester. While I knew that many women have lumpectomies and radiation for DCIS, I assumed I was going the extra mile by having both of my breasts fully amputated and not just removing the area that was affected. My breast surgeon was wonderful – I loved her. She made me feel like the mastectomy was the best course of action because of my BRCA status. Plus, we are led to believe DCIS isn’t a huge deal, and for most women, it really isn’t.

I’m not blaming my surgeon for this recurrence or new cancer or whatever they might want to call it. Of course I’m blaming myself (future post to come on all the other ways I am blaming myself). Why didn’t I get a second opinion? When my pathology came back after the surgery, the surgeon came in to the hospital room to tell me that there was a lot more DCIS than they originally thought. But I never asked her if I should pursue any additional treatment. Last year, when I began doing more research on DCIS and my own pathology, why didn’t I ask the PA who I saw in January, “Hey, my DCIS was the worst kind right? – Grade 3. Should I maybe have gotten some radiation? Can we schedule me some of that?” But I didn’t do that either. Even with all of my talk about self-advocacy, I assumed that these doctors would let me know if I needed additional treatment.

There is also very little protocol for prophylactic post-mastectomy follow-up; this is because BRCA+ women almost never develop breast cancer after a mastectomy (this review of literature is staggering – see “Efficacy of Prophylactic Mastectomy” section); it’s always been unclear to me whether doctors considered my surgery to be prophylactic or in response to cancer. While many women will have a palpating breast exam for five years following a prophylactic mastectomy, breast imaging is not recommended, even though we know it’s impossible that every breast cell – every cell containing a BRCA mutation – is removed during surgery. Yet, considering the bright white spot I saw on the mammogram picture on Wednesday, I have little doubt that imaging would have helped in my case.

So this time, I am absolutely getting a second opinion. When I received the call from my doctor’s nurse on Friday morning telling me the cancer is invasive, the first thing I did was call my husband. Then I texted my bff. I sat for a while and snuggled our dog. And then, I wrote to Dr. Susan Domchek, Director of the Basser Center for BRCA, the only medical center in the world dedicated to BRCA-related to cancers. I figured, if I’m going to try to get a second opinion, I may as well start at the top. Philadelphia is only a few hours from us – if I have to go there, it’s not a huge deal.

After telling her a bit about my case, I got to the heart of it:

A few years ago, my mother-in-law died from her third breast cancer – she was BRCA1 positive (as is my husband). I know what these gene mutations can do – I’ve seen it in too many of my family members – and I’m worried this second cancer will not be the last. I have an eight-year-old son; he was only 1.5 when I went through this the last time. I don’t want his childhood memories marred by my cancer.

I will get to my son in a different post, when I am able to even imagine thinking about him in this scenario.

Fewer than 24hrs later (on a Saturday!), I heard back from Dr. Domchek. She is willing to see me after the PET scan and MRI. She asked for my medical records, which I promptly put together into a Dropbox folder, and I sent her my upcoming schedule. This is really a huge relief for me. She is the premiere doctor in treating a cancer like this – I couldn’t ask for anyone more qualified.

 

Two phone calls

The first, this morning at around 10:15am, from the surgical oncologist’s nurse. Here are my notes:

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Need to know receptors before determining treatment plan (finishing pathology) – will probably be lumpectomy with radiation
Treated as new cancer – no way to tell if this is DCIS returned
Need Breast MRI
Need PET CT to see if it’s elsewhere in my body
Then DR will see me in office after scans

The second, at around 1:30 this afternoon, from the surgical oncologist’s scheduler. Here are my notes:

PET Scan, June 28, 12:15, Magee
Breast MRI, July 2, 11:00, McKeesport
Dr. McAullife, July 8, 11:30, Cranberry

 

It’s Something

Last night, I began to write the story of my day, but I became busy drowning my sorrows in peanut MMs and the final episodes of Veep. As I sat down to write it this morning, I got an email that reports are back from the pre and post-mammography, as well as the ultrasound (the actual pathology will probably still be a few days). So let’s get right to it.

They don’t reveal anything all that surprising, although seeing this in writing is always a bit hard. I had sort of hoped they would have changed their minds between the time I saw them and the time they wrote the report – like maybe they realized there was a glitch and the screen was showing them someone else’s breasts, or maybe it was all a test for the first-year resident and the reality would be in the report. But of course, the reality is in the reports. Below are the highlights.

Pre-ultrasound mammogram:

*There is a round irregular solid mass within the far lateral right breast at the
9 o’clock position measuring 2.0 x 2.4 x 2.2 cm *No suspicious
microcalcifications, asymmetries, or additional masses are identified
elsewhere *Suspicion palpable mass within the right breast at the 9 o’clock position measuring up to 2.1 cm. * No suspicious right axillary lymph nodes. * BI-RADS 5 – Highly suggestive of malignancy

Ultrasound:

*Targeted ultrasound demonstrates an irregular heterogeneously
hypoechoic mass within the right breast at the 9 o’clock position 11
cm from the nipple which measures 2.1 x 1.8 x 1.8 cm

Post-ultrasound mammogram:

*Post-biopsy mammography shows the clip to lie at the site of the lesion

That’s triangulation if I’ve ever seen it. Pretty fucking conclusive, for now. Here’s what I’m gathering from my research:

Irregular: BAD

Solid: BAD

No masses elsewhere: GOOD

No suspicious lymph nodes: GOOD

BI-RADS 5: PRETTY DAMN BAD

Heterogeneously Hypochoic Mass: FUCKING BAD

This isn’t looking good:

The most typical sonographic presentation of a malignant breast mass would probably be an irregular, heterogeneous, hypoechoic mass with spiculations and angular margins. (Dr. Halls).

Hey! – I have all those things! My prediction, based on everything I’ve read, is that pathology comes back with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (see para 3) with the same features as the original DCIS – meaning, one single little BRCA+ cell motherfucker that didn’t get cut out when I had my mastectomy 6.5 years ago sat around, mutated, called its asshole friends to come play, and became this mass that is now sitting under my arm attempting to wreak havoc. And now I’m going to spend the summer and who knows how much of the rest of the year trying to get it the fuck out of my body.

Also, my tone is a sham. My hands are shaking so hard that I have to stop typing now. I am 100% terrified.